Which of the following is one of the four elements of force as defined by JAPO?

• A. Jeopardy
• B. Opportunity
• C. Technique
• D. Strategy

Answer: (B)

In JAPO’s framework for evaluating force, you look at factors that describe the situation in real time and whether force is actually feasible to use. Opportunity is the element that captures the chance or position the subject has to carry out the threat in the immediate moment. If there’s a real threat but no opportunity to act right now, applying force isn’t justified by JAPO’s criteria. When there is jeopardy (threat) and the subject actually has the chance to act, force becomes reasonable to consider.

Technique and Strategy aren’t part of those immediate evaluative factors. Technique refers to how force is applied, not whether it’s allowed or necessary right now. Strategy is about overall planning or approach, not the live situational elements that justify a response. That’s why Opportunity is the best choice among the options.